Microplastics ingestions by wild and aquaculture marine bivalves: A systematic review on field investigation study

Plastics degradation has resulted in a major threat to marine organisms, including bivalves. Thirty-three peer-reviewed papers have been reviewed understand the geographical spread of microplastics ingestion by bivalves, characteristics ingested, and limitation analysis globallly. Only studies on investigation bivalves from wild aquaculture area were selected. Marine are reported accumulate all environment compartments. High proximity with intensive human activities is suggested increase uptake Microfibers fragments common types ingested around world, various sizes (0.45µm – <45mm) number particles per individual (20 ~175 particles/individual). However, there uncertainty when comparing findings one study another due absence international standard protocol data base. Therefore, this should be addressed prior monitoring accumulation